封闭负压引流技术在开放骨折合并软组织缺损治疗中的作用

目的探讨封闭负压引流技术(VSD)在治疗开放骨折合并软组织缺损中的作用。方法应用VSD及内固定或外固定支架结合植皮或邻近皮瓣治疗25例开放骨折合并软组织缺损患者。结果患者均获随访,时间4~18个月。16例患者VSD术后5~7 d解除负压,经植皮治疗后创面均愈合;7例较严重开放骨折合并软组织缺损患者经2次VSD治疗后,给予植皮+邻近皮瓣转移覆盖创面后创面均愈合;2例严重开放骨折合并软组织缺损患者经3次VSD治疗后,行植皮+邻近皮瓣转移覆盖创面治疗后均获得愈合。结论 VSD能刺激肉芽组织生长,控制创面炎症,只需结合简单易行的植皮或邻近皮瓣应用即可理想地修复组织缺损创面。     

斧状皮瓣在头面部皮肤缺损修复中的应用

目的:探讨头面部皮肤组织缺损手术治疗中应用斧状皮瓣进行转移修复的效果。方法:利用头面部皮肤缺损周围正常皮肤的弹性及皮肤纹理走向,于缺损周边设计斧状皮瓣,修复皮肤组织的缺损。结果:自2010年以来,共利用斧状皮瓣修复头面部皮肤缺损缺损53例,均完全成活,切口Ⅰ期愈合,效果满意。结论:该方法设计简便,效果可靠,皮瓣易成活,是修复头面部皮肤缺损的一种较理想方法。     

椎动脉型颈椎病经颈夹脊穴温针灸+手法治疗的临床效果研究

目的:评价椎动脉型颈椎病经颈夹脊穴温针灸+手法治疗的临床效果。方法:选取2016年5月~2018年6月在我院进行治疗的116例椎动脉型颈椎病患者,按随机数表法分为两组,各58例。对照组采用颈夹脊穴温针灸治疗,观察组采用颈夹脊穴温针灸+手法治疗。对比两组治疗前后眩晕问卷调查表评分(DHI)、各临床症状评分以及椎动脉血管相关指数。结果:观察组治疗后DHI评分为(50.97±3.21)分,明显低于对照组的(62.24±4.53)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组头痛、眩晕、耳鸣、颈痛、视物模糊及旋颈试验评分均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组双侧椎动脉PI、RI指数均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:椎动脉型颈椎病经颈夹脊穴温针灸+手法治疗的效果较明显,不仅可改善双椎动脉血流状态,缓解头痛、眩晕、耳鸣、颈痛及视物模糊等临床症状,还有利于颈部动力平衡的恢复。     

A retrospective study on oral anticoagulant prophylaxis in 103 Italian patients with hereditary thrombophilia and thrombosis

Summary The clinical records of 103 Italian patients with inherited thrombophilia and thrombosis were reviewed to estimate the incidence of thrombotic recurrences and major bleeding complications according to the different duration of oral anticoagulant prophylaxis (OAP). The incidence of the first thrombotic recurrence was 2.9, 7.4 and 10.8×100 patients/year, respectively, in subjects receiving lifelong OAP, stopping OAP after a mean of 9 months (range 1–30 months) or not receiving OAP. The probability to remain free from thrombotic recurrences in patients undergoing lifelong OAP, as estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method, was significantly higher in comparison with untreated patients (p<0.001), but did not reach the statistical significance in comparison with patients who stopped prophylaxis. The incidence of further thrombotic recurrences was 1.2, 21.1 and 22.3×100 patients/year, respectively, in the three groups defined above. The difference between patients who prolonged indefinitely OAPvs those who stopped or did not receive OAP was statistically significant (p=0.003). Two intracranial bleedings, one of which fatal, were observed in patients undergoing lifelong OAP, whereas no major bleeding complications occurred in the other two groups. Our study supports the recommendations to continue indefinitely OAP in patients with inherited thrombophilia and recurrent thrombosis, but suggests caution in starting lifelong prophylaxis soon after the first thrombotic event in all patients. Members of the Study Group: F. Baudo (Milano); M. Berrettini (Perugia); G. Castaman (Vicenza); N. Ciavarella (Bari); S. Coccheri (Bologna); V. De Stefano (Roma); A. G. Dettori (Parma); N. Erba (Merate); G. Leone (Roma); P. M. Mannucci (Milano); C. Manotti (Parma); M. G. Mazzucconi (Roma); G. Palareti (Bologna); F. Panicucci (Pisa); E. Pogliani (Monza); F. Rodeghiero (Vicenza); A. Tripodi (Milano).     

超声导引下介入治疗继发孔型房间隔缺损及合并畸形428例临床报告

目的:报告我院1998年10月~2004年10月超声导引下介入治疗ASD合并畸形428例,主要讨论介入适应证,操作原则及临床效果。方法:住院患者继发孔型ASD 428例,男150例,女278例(男∶女=1∶1.9),年龄2~74岁(平均26.6±16.6)。428例ASD为中央型,其中单一ASD 416例,多发型ASD 12例,合并畸形70例,其中合并肺动脉瓣狭窄(PS)14例,肺动脉高压(PH)11例,二尖瓣狭窄(MS)(芦停巴赫综合征)3例,合并室上速3例,合并心房纤颤14例,其它25例。使用日本东芝6000型和美国惠普1500型彩色多普勒血流显像仪和食道超声(TEE)探头频率分别为2.5MHz和5MHz。术前用TTE诊断,术中用TEE配合,儿童<10岁用TTE配合。结果:介入术中超声导引导入球囊导管测量最大ASD伸展直径,用TTE或TEE测量ASD直径及确定ASD位置、大小及数目。428例ASD患者成功介入425例,介入技术成功率99.3%。介入手术并发症总发生率2.1%。合并畸形的治疗,超声导引介入治疗合并畸形,待合并畸形治愈后方再行ASD介入治疗,本组合并畸形介入治疗成功率100%。结论:ASD及合并畸形的介入治疗,必须要在超声导引和监测下主要掌握ASD及合并畸形疾病的适应证,操作规范化,成功率很高,而且是安全有效的。     

Detecting glaucomatous wedge shaped defects in polarimetric images

Wedge shaped defects of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) may occur in glaucoma. Currently, automatic detection of wedge shaped defects in Scanning Laser Polarimetry (SLP) images of the RNFL is not available. An automatic classification is currently based only on global parameters, thereby ignoring important local information. Our method works by a modified dynamic programming technique that searches for locally strong edges with a preference for straight edges. These edges are initially classified based on their strength and next combined into wedge shaped defects. Our method yields a sensitivity of 73% and a specificity of 90% on a limited set of 65 images.     

Simvastatin attenuates the endothelial pro-thrombotic shift in saphenous vein grafts induced by Advanced glycation endproducts

Background

Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) and its receptors (RAGEs) are heterogeneous signaling proteins associated to diabetes and responsible of endothelial alterations leading to atherosclerosis progression and graft failure. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of statin in reducing AGEs related endothelial damage.

Methods

Endothelial cell(EC) obtained from leftovers of saphenous vein grafts of non-diabetic patients were incubated with AGEs (2 and 20 μM) and subsequently treated with Simvastatin. Neutrophils (PNM) adherence, ROS production and RAGE and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-gamma (PPAR-γ) expression were analyzed. As clinical validation of the in vitro findings, ECs of diabetic patients in optimized glycaemic control administered with a 3 weeks Simvastatin regimen were similarly processed.

Results

Simvastatin blunted the rise in PMN adhesion and ROS generation following stimulation of saphenous vein EC culture with AGEs in vitro. This effect was time dependent and was associated to an increase in PPAR-γ induction paralleled by a decrease in RAGEs expression. Parallely, data from diabetic patients administered with Simvastatin showed a similar significant reduction in PNM adhesion and ROS generation. Simvastatin treatment significantly decreased RAGEs expression in ECs from diabetic patients and determined a slight increase in PPAR-γ expression but the latter failed to reach statistical significance. Interference in the function of these two crucial pathways might be at the root of the statin antinflammatory and antithrombotic effect in the context of AGEs-associated damage.

Conclusions

Despite the recently raised warning on the use of statins in the diabetic population, this study elucidates their cornerstone position in endothelial homeostasis of saphenous grafts in patients with controlled diabetes.     

Diagnosis of congenital cardiac defects between 11 and 14 weeks' gestation in high-risk patients.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the feasibility of diagnosing congenital cardiac defects between 11 and 14 weeks' gestation in a high-risk population. METHODS: Fetal echocardiography was first offered at 11 to 14 weeks' gestation to all patients at risk for congenital heart defects. Echocardiography performed at 11 to 14 weeks with normal results was repeated at 14 to 16 and 20 to 24 weeks. Final diagnoses of cardiac anomalies that had been observed at 11 to 14 weeks were established at 14 to 16 weeks or later Fetal echocardiography performed at 14 to 16 weeks with normal results was repeated at 20 to 24 weeks. Ascertainment of cardiac anomalies was obtained by postnatal echocardiography or pathologic examination of the fetal heart after termination of pregnancy. Most of the examinations were performed transvaginally until 16 weeks. The transabdominal approach was used at this stage only when patients refused the transvaginal examination or because of technical difficulties. Three hundred ninety-two fetal echocardiographic examinations were performed between 11 and 14 weeks' gestation; 438 examinations were performed between 14 and 16 weeks; and 777 examinations were performed between 20 and 24 weeks. The major indications for fetal echocardiography at 11 to 14 weeks were maternal diabetes and previous pregnancy with congenital heart defects. RESULTS: Six of 7 major fetal cardiac anomalies were detected. The only major cardiac anomaly that was not detected between 11 and 14 weeks was correctly diagnosed at 22 weeks. Only 1 of 5 minor fetal cardiac anomalies was detected between 11 and 14 weeks. Another 2 minor fetal cardiac anomalies were detected at 23 weeks. Four incorrect diagnoses of minor cardiac anomalies were excluded on repeated fetal echocardiography between 20 and 24 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: The initial attempt to diagnose congenital heart defects should be offered at 11 to 14 weeks' gestation.     

Pathomorphological description of the shunted portion of a filum terminale arteriovenous fistula

Background contextThe clinical morphology of a filum terminale arteriovenous fistula (f-AVF) is well known; however, pathological details of the fistulized portion are unknown. Herein, we report the pathological findings of the f-AVF.Study designCase report and literature review.PurposeTo present a detailed pathological examination of the fistulized portion of the f-AVF.MethodsA 71-year-old man presented with gradually worsening bilateral foot paresthesias and anal dysesthesia. T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging showed flow voids surrounding an edematous conus medullaris and cauda equina with spinal stenosis at L3–L4 and L4–L5. Spinal digital subtraction angiography demonstrated an f-AVF fed by the left T9 intercostal artery.ResultsWe performed laminotomies of L3 and L4 to open the dura mater and found a hypertrophic filum terminale. It was resected, leaving a length of 2 cm between the abnormal proximal end and normal distal end. The f-AVF completely disappeared after the surgery. On pathological examination, the filum terminale included two vessels at the proximal end and one at the distal end. At the proximal end, immunostaining showed one vessel that was definitively an artery with both an internal elastic membrane (IEM) and smooth muscle. The other was a vein and lacked an IEM. On the distal side, the collagen fibers gradually increased, the IEM partially disappeared from the arterial wall, and the vein became arterialized with a thin IEM. At the distal end the two vessels joined. Therefore, we speculated that the fistulized portion of the f-AVF was not a fistula point but had some lengths where the artery had characteristics of a vein and there was venous arterialization.ConclusionsThe filum arteriovenous shunting occurred at the portion where there was venous arterialization and the artery had the characteristics of a vein. Therefore, resecting the filum terminale requires more proximal from the normal distal end.